REVIEW 11: 1945 TO 1969

I. THE POST-WAR: Rapid demobilization, conversion to peacetime economy

A. Serviceman's Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights)

B. Employment Act of 1946 (promoted maximum employment, production, and
purchasing power; Council of Economic Advisers); 1946 strikes; Taft-
Hartley Act (1947) - passed over Truman's veto, prohibited the closed
shop, established 60 day cooling-off period, CONSIDERED ANTI-UNION;
1950's unions consolidate and become more powerful; formation of the
AFL-CIO (1955)

C. Growth of High Tech Industries: Sunbelt, agribusiness

D. Truman: 1948 Election upset; "Fair Deal"; "Do-Nothing 80th.Congress"

II. THE COLD WAR

A. Policies

1. Containment: George Kennan

2. Truman Doctrine: March 12, 1947; In response to Greek Civil
War; support for free peoples resisting aggression

3. Marshall Plan (1947): European recovery program

4. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949):Western defense
pact; Warsaw Pact (1955): Eastern defense act formed by USSR to
counter NATO

5. Point Four Program (1949): Truman's offer of technical
assistance to underdeveloped nations (hoped to fight Communist
expansion to these countries)

6. Eisenhower and Dulles: Brinkmanship; mutual security pacts
(U.S.-South Korea 1953), SEATO 1954; nuclear arms race; domino
theory; Eisenhower Doctrine (1957) - Economic and military
aid to Middle East countries to fight Communist aggression

7. Kennedy: Flexible response; Alliance for Progress (LA), Peace
Corps

8. Johnson: Escalation of the war in Vietnam

B. Incidents: Berlin Airlift (1948-49); establishment of Communist
China 1949; Iron Curtain descends; Korean War 1950-53; Vietnam War
(1950-1973); Quemoy and Matsu 1954; Hungarian Revolt 1956; Fidel
Castro takes control in Cuba 1959; U-2 Incident 1960; Berlin Wall
1961; Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961; Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

C. Cold War Effects Within the United States: Activities of the
House Unamerican Activities Committee; Alien Registration (Smith) Act
1940; Federal Loyalty Program (1947); Alger Hiss Trial (1949);
McCarran Internal Security Act (1950); Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
Trial 1951; Joseph McCarthy

Page 2

III. THE 1950'S: Eisenhower; 1953 Termination Policy (Native Americans);
St. Lawrence Seaway Project (1954); Federal Aid Highway Act (1956)
"Age of Consensus"; beginning 1953 CIA interventions; National Defense
Education Act (1958; Farewell Address - military-industrial complex
warning

IV. THE 1960'S: Kennedy, New Frontier, November 22, 1963, Warren
Commission; Johnson, Great Society, Economic Opportunity Act of 1964,
War on Poverty, (Head Start, Job Corps, Youth Corps, Upward Bound, HUD,
Medicare 1965, Medicaid 1965, National Endowment for the Arts and
Humanities), VISTA, 1964 Civil Rights Act, Vietnam War demonstrations,
King assassination; Robert Kennedy assassination; Chicago Riot 1968; New
Left, Students for a Democratic Society, Kent State 1970, Hippies -
Haight Ashbury, Woodstock, counterculture, Timothy Leary

V. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: See Theme Handout