REVIEW 10: 1920 TO 1945

I. FOREIGN AFFAIRS (1920-1941): Isolationism, Economic Nationalism,
Conferences (See Review HP9)

A. Recognition of the USSR (1933)

B. Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (1934): most favored nation
status; empowered president to negotiate trade agreements

C. Good Neighbor Policy: Latin America

D. War Threatens in Europe: Nye Munitions Investigations (1934),
Neutrality Act of 1935, Neutrality Act of 1936, Neutrality Act
of 1937 (cash and carry principle), Neutrality Act of 1939

1. Spanish Civil War (1936-37): Lincoln Brigade

2. Quarantine Speech (1937): Response to Japan's aggression
against China

3. Panay Incident (1937)

4. Selective Service and Training Act (1940)

5. Lend-Lease (1941)

6. Atlantic Charter (1941)

7. Four Freedoms Speech (1941): freedom of speech, freedom of
religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear

II. THE UNITED STATES AND WORLD WAR II

A. Mobilizing on the Domestic Front

1. War Powers Acts 1941: 1) Gave the president emergency
authority to create new executive agencies and reorganize
existing ones; 2) Enabled the president to requisition
property, establish rationing, regulate transportation services

2. Office of Price Administration 1942: Set price ceilings
on all goods except farm produce, established rent controls

3. War Production Board 1942: Supervised production and
supply, eliminated non-essential civilian production

4. National War Labor Board 1942: Mediated labor disputes to
prevent strikes in war industries

5. War Manpower Commission 1942: Determined how industry,
agriculture, & gov't could be ensured an adequate labor supply.

6. Office of Strategic Services 1942: Intelligence activities.

7. Office of War Information 1942: Information and propaganda.

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8. Smith-Connally Act 1943: Enabled the president to seize
plants where war production was threatened by strikes.

B. Minorities on the Home Front

1. 1941 A. Philip Randolph (president Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters) planned march on Washington to demand integration of
industrial work forces but canceled plans after FDR issued
Executive Order 8802.

2. Zoot-suit Riots 1943 involved Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles

3. Internment of Japanese-Americans (Nisei) in relocation camps;
1944 upheld by Korematsu v. United States

4. Women involved in branches of the armed services on the war
front and in Rosy-the-Riveter roles on the home front

C. Fighting the War: Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941; Jeanette Rankin

1. European Front: Operation Torch; Battle for Stalingrad;
Operation Overlord; Operation Anvil; Battle of the Bulge; 5/8/45

2. Asian Front: "Europe First" Strategy; Bataan Death March 1942;
Battle of the Coral Sea 1942, Battle of Midway 1942, Guadacanal
1942, Battle of the Philippine Sea 1944; Battle of Leyte Gulf
1944, Iwo Jima 1945; Douglas MacArthur, Chester Nimitz; island
hopping; kamikazes; Manhattan Project; Hiroshima, Nagasaki,
September 2, 1945

3. Holocaust: Final Solution, concentration camps, anti-Semitism,
Auschwitz, Henry Morgenthau Jr. (War Refugee Board)

III. WARTIME CONFERENCES; THE UNITED NATIONS: See Study Guide 10B