REVIEW 1: 50,000 BC TO 1565,1607

I. MELDING OF THREE CULTURES IN AMERICA: Native Americans, Western
Europeans, West Africans

II. PALEOINDIANS

A. 50,000 BC?: traveled across Beringia to Alaska and began a steady
trek southward

B. 7000 BC: reached the tip of South America; Beringia covered by sea

III. HISTORICAL INDIANS

A. LATIN AMERICA: Civilization composed of stable agriculture, towns
and cities,and trade seen in MAYAS of Guatemala and the Yucatan,
AZTECS of Mexico and INCAS of Peru.

B. ANGLO-AMERICA: Nomadic and intermittent farming seen in most U.S.
tribes. Division of labor based on gender. No knowledge of iron or
of the wheel. Decision by consensus. Polytheistic. In general,
patrilineal in West, matrilineal in East. Culturally diverse,
variety of languages, no sense of unity (Exception: Iroquois)

IV. WEST AFRICANS: West Africa called Guinea by Europeans

A. Division of Labor based on gender. Agriculture, hunting, fishing,
trading.

B. Egalitarian relationship between the sexes.

V. EUROPEAN AGE OF EXPLORATION (mid-15th. cent.-early 17th. cent.)

A. Causes: Crusades (desire for trade with east); Renaissance
(intellectual curiosity and desire for personal glory); Rise of
Nation-States (nationalism, competition); Technological
Advancements

B. Motivation: 1) Spirit of adventure; 2) wealth; 3) missionary
impulse; 4) personal glory; 5) existing trade routes controlled by
Arabs, Italian city-states OR difficult and long (Silk Road)

C. Line of Demarcation 1493; Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

D. Results: 1) New lands discovered; 2) gold discovered; 3) early
Spanish domination followed by the decline of Spain; 4) rise of
English dominance after 1588; 5) The Columbian Exchange: disease,
plants, animals

VI. DRILL: Explorers