STRUGGLING WITH NEUTRALITY

1. The promotion by President Wilson of traditional American principles such
    as free trade, democratic politics, no secret diplomatic deals,
    self-determination, and arms reduction is called _________________________

Wilson's belief that America had a mission to reform international
relations and other societies is called EXCEPTIONALISM

2. Germany was prevented from obtaining supplies by _________________________

3. Germany's response to the British blockade was ___________________________

4. International maritime law required that before attacking a warship must
    ____________________________ so that and passengers could be warned and
    disembark.

5. If the Germans followed this law with their U-boats what advantage would
    they lose? ________________

WILSON, THE SUBMARINE, AND THE DECISION FOR WAR

6. What British passenger ship was sunk by the Germans? When? _______________

7. What U.S. Secretary of State was in favor of the prohibition of American
    passengers on belligerent ships and prohibition of contraband on passenger
    ships? ___________________________________________________________________

Those who insisted on war, like TR, were called JINGOISTS

8. What did William Jennings Bryan do when Wilson sent a note to Berlin
    insisting of the right of Americans to sail on belligerent ships? ________

9. Although the Germans had ordered U-boat commanders to stop attacks on
    passenger ships what British ship was sunk in August, 1915? ______________

The GORE-LEMORE RESOLUTION was introduced in early 1916 to prohibit
Americans from traveling on armed merchant vessels or ships carrying
contraband. It was defeated.

10. What French vessel was attacked by German U-boats in March, 1916? _______

11. Those opposed to war were called ________________________________________

JANE ADDAMS AND CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT founded the Women's Peace Party.
FORD AND CARNEGIE helped to finance the peace movement.

12. What Socialist leader opposed war? ______________________________________

13. Pacifists argued

1) WAR DRAINED A NATION OF ITS YOUTH, RESOURCES, AND IMPULSE FOR REFORM.
2) WAR FOSTERED A REPRESSIVE SPIRIT AT HOME; 3)WAR VIOLATED CHRISTIAN
MORALITY; 4) WARTIME BUSINESS BARONS REAPED HUGE PROFITS AT THE EXPENSE
OF THE COMMON PEOPLE; 5) IMMIGRANTS HAD COME TO THE U.S. TO AVOID
MILITARISM AND CONSCRIPTION.

14. What did Germany renew in February, 1917? _______________________________

15. What German action promised Mexico territory lost to the U.S. in 1848?
_________________________________________________________________________

A revolution in Mexico with Anti-American overtones caused the U.S. to
take this threat seriously. Wilson asked Congress to pursue a policy of
ARMED NEUTRALITY, IE. ARM MERCHANT SHIPS AND ANYTHING ELSE NECESSARY.

ROBERT LAFOLLETTE AND GEORGE NORRIS, two anti-war senators, opposed this
"Blank Check" request. They filibustered the bill to death. Wilson
armed commercial ships anyway.

16. When did Wilson ask Congress for a declaration of war? __________________

Wilson cited four reasons to go to war:

1) GERMANY HAD VIOLATED FREEDOM OF THE SEAS; 2)GERMANY HAD DISRUPTED
AMERICAN COMMERCE; 3) GERMANY HAD ATTEMPTED TO INCITE MEXICO AGAINST THE
UNITED STATES; 4) GERMANY HAD VIOLATED HUMAN RIGHTS BY KILLING INNOCENT
AMERICANS

17. Who was the first woman ever to sit in Congress and how did she vote on
     the war declaration? ____________________________________________________

TAKING UP ARMS AND WINNING THE WAR

The NATIONAL DEFENSE ACT (1916) provided for an increase in the army and
National Guard and summer training camps.

18. What law provided for a three year naval expansion program? _____________

19. What 1916 law raised the surtax on high incomes and corporate profits,
     imposed a federal tax on large estates, and increased the tax on gross
     receipts of munitions manufacturers? ____________________________________

20. What 1917 law required the registration of all males between 20 and 30
     (later 18 to 45)? _______________________________________________________

21. Release from the requirement to serve in the armed services is called a
     ______________________________.

22. Those who refuse to serve because of religious or philosophical reasons
     are called ______________________________________

AMERICA GOES TO WAR

23. Quickly-trained recruits were nicknamed _________________________________

Two social problems for the soldiers were DRINKING AND PROSTITUTION

Black recruits had to deal with 1) SEGREGATED FACILITIES; 2) LACK OF
OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME OFFICERS;3) OFTEN ASSIGNED TO MENIAL DUTIES

24. The AEF arrived in France in JUNE, 1917. What was the AEF? Who led it?

     ________________________________________________________________________

25. ** Explain Stanton's words upon landing, "Lafayette, we are here!".______

     _________________________________________________________________________

The French dubbed the Americans DOUGHBOYS because THEY LOOKED SO CLEAN
COMPARED TO TRENCH-WEARY ALLIED SOLDIERS

26. What was the main impact of the American presence? ______________________

     _________________________________________________________________________

27. What battles did the American forces fight in from May until September of

     1918? ___________________________________________________________________

28. What was the main American offensive? ___________________________________

29. Who was the most decorated hero of World War I? _________________________

30. When did the war end? ___________________________________________________

The European casualties were 8 MILLION SOLDIERS; 6.6.MILLION CIVILIANS

31. The American casualties were 50,000 DEAD, 62,000 DISEASE, 200,000 WOUNDED

32. What was Wilson's plan for peace? _______________________________________

MANAGING THE HOME FRONT

33. What organization was established to exert economic controls during war-
     time? Who was the head of it? _________________________________________

ANTITRUST LAWS were suspended during the war.

34. What agency was established to improve production and conserve food
     through voluntary actions, set prices and regulate distribution, and
     encourage "victory gardens," meatless and wheatless days? Who headed it?

     _________________________________________________________________________

35. What agency took over the railway industry? _____________________________

36. The winter of 1917-1918 was very bad due to EXTREMELY COLD WEATHER;
     CONDITIONS AND A COAL SHORTAGE

Inflation grew due to 1) DEMAND EXCEEDED SUPPLY; 2)LIBERAL GOVERNMENT
CREDIT POLICIES; 3) PRICES FIXED AT HIGH LEVELS

37. In what two ways was the war financed? __________________________________

38. What did the government sell to raise money for the war? ________________

39. What was created to mediate labor disputes? What was the result of this?

     _________________________________________________________________________

40. As men went off to war who replaced them in the workplace? ______________

Some men objected to women in the workplace because

1) WOMEN WORKED TOO QUICKLY AND INCREASED PRODUCTION; 2) WOMEN UNDER-
MINED THE WAGE SYSTEM BY WORKING FOR LESS; 3) WOMEN WERE DISPLAYING AN
INDEPENDENT SPIRIT

Besides working outside the home, women made other contributions to the
war effort.

1) MADE CLOTHING FOR REFUGEES AND SOLDIERS; 2)ROLLED BANDAGES;
3) SERVED AT RED CROSS FACILITIES; 4) TAUGHT FRENCH TO NURSES ASSIGNED
TO WAR ZONE; 5) JOINED WOMEN'S COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL
DEFENSE

Approximately 500,000 blacks migrated to the north in summer, 1919.

41. What was the summer of 1919 called? Why? _______________________________

42. A virulent INFLUENZA epidemic struck in 1918-1919. 40 MILLION people
     died worldwide

TRAMPLING ON CIVIL LIBERTIES

43. What was established in 1917 as an agent of propaganda? Who headed it?

     _________________________________________________________________________

44. What 1917 law forbade false statements designed to impede the draft or
     promote military insubordination and banned treasonous materials from the

     mails? __________________________________________________________________

45. What 1918 law made it unlawful to obstruct the sale of war bonds and to
     use disloyal or profane language against the government, the

     Constitution, the flag, and the military uniform? _______________________

On the local scene, various actions were taken which restricted civil
liberties.

1) "SLACKERS" HUMILIATED INTO BUYING LIBERTY BONDS; 2)"PRO-GERMAN"
BOOKS BANNED FROM SCHOOLS; 3) IOWA PROHIBITED THE USE OF ANY LANGUAGE
BUT ENGLISH IN SCHOOLS; 4) PITTSBURGH BANNED BEETHOVEN'S MUSIC