HISTORICAL PERIOD 6: GUIDEBOOK CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE

Girding for War: The North and the South, 1861-1865
Reviewing the Chapter

Checklist of Learning Objectives

1. explain how the firing on Fort Sumter and Lincoln's call for troops
galvanized both sides for war.

2. describe the crucial early struggle for the Border States.

3. indicate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides as they went to war.

4. describe the diplomatic struggle for the sympathies of the European
powers.

5. compare Lincoln's and Davis's political leadership during the war.

6. describe the curtailment of civil liberties and the mobilization of
military manpower during the war.

7. analyze the economic and social consequences of the war for both sides.


Glossary

1. balance of power The distribution of political or military strength among
several nations so that no one of them becomes too strong or dangerous.
"They could gleefully transplant to America their hoary concept of the
balance of power."

2. moral suasion The persuasion of others through appeals to values and
beliefs without the use of enticements or force. "... the president did
not rely solely on moral suasion...."

3. martial law The imposition of military rule above or in place of civil
authority during times of war and emergency. "In Maryland he declared
martial law where needed...."

4. ultimatum A final proposal, as by one nation to another, that if rejected,
will likely lead to war. "The London Foreign Office prepared an
ultimatum...."

5. Loopholed Characterized by small exceptions of conditions that enable
escape from the general rule or principle. "These vessels were not
warships within the meaning of the loopholed British law...."

6. squadron A special unit of warships assigned to a particular naval task.
". . . they probably would have sunk the blockading squadrons...."

7. arbitration The settlement of a dispute by putting the decision in the
hands of a third, neutral party. "It agreed in 1871 to submit the Alabama
dispute to arbitration...."

8. appropriation A sum of money or property legally set aside for a specific
use. "He directed the secretary of the treasury to advance $2 million
without appropriation...."

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9. habeas corpus In law, an order requiring that a prisoner be brought before
a court at a specified time and place in order to determine the legality
of the imprisonment. "He suspended the precious privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus " |

10. arbitrary Governed by momentary preference or whim rather than by settled
principle or law. "Jefferson Davis was less able than Lincoln to
exercise arbitrary power...."

11. quota The proportion or share of a larger number of things that a smaller
group is assigned to contribute. ". . . each state [was] assigned a quota
based on population."

12. greenback United States paper money, especially that printed before the
establishment of the Federal Reserve System. "Greenbacks thus fluctuated
with the fortunes of Union arms...."

13. bond In finance, an interest-bearing certificate issued by a government
or business that guarantees repayment to the purchaser on a specified
date. ". . . the Treasury was forced to market its bonds through the
private banking house of Jay Cooke and Company...."

14. peculator One who embezzles or misuses money or property, especially
public funds. "The story of speculators and peculators was roughly the
same in both camps."

15. profiteer One who takes advantage of a shortage of supply to charge
excessively high prices and thus reap large profits. "One profiteer
reluctantly admitted that his profits were 'painfully large.' "