TRUE OR FALSE: (+) = True (0) - False

1. _____ The American Revolution created a substantial though not radical
              push in the direction of social and political equality.

2. _____ The movement toward the separation of church and state was greatly
              accelerated by the disestablishment of the Anglican church in
              Virginia.

3. _____ After the Revolution, Americans made a strong effort to abolish
              slavery in both the North and the South.

4. _____ Drawing up a written fundamental law in a special constitutional
              convention and then submitting the document directly to the people
              for ratification was an important new idea of the Revolutionary
              period.

5. _____ The state governments after the Revolution stayed mostly under the
              tight political control of the eastern seaboard elite.

6. _____ The United States experienced hard economic times and some social
              discontent during the years of the Confederation (1781-1787).

7. _____ The greatest failure of the national government under the Articles
              of Confederation was its inability to deal with the issue of western
              lands.

8. _____ The Articles of Confederation were weak because they contained
              neither an executive nor power to tax or regulate commerce.

9. _____ The Northwest Ordinance originally attempted to make the western
              territories permanent colonial possessions of the United States.

10. ____ Shays' Rebellion significantly strengthened the movement for a
              stronger central government by raising the fear of anarchy among
              conservatives.

11. ____ The states sent their delegates to Philadelphia in 1787 for the
              clear purpose of writing a new Constitution with a strong central
              government.

12. ____ The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were a good cross-
              section of American society at that time.

13. ____ The "Great Compromise" at the convention resulted in a bicameral
              legislature. with different principles of representation in the
              House and the Senate.

14. ____ The antifederalists opposed the Constitution partly because they
              thought it gave too much power to the states and not enough to
              Congress.

15. ____ The federalists used tough political maneuvering and the promise of
              a bill of rights to win a narrow ratification of the Constitution in
              key states.

Multiple Choice

1. Among the important changes brought about by the American Revolution was

    a. the abolition of slavery in all the states.
    b. a strong movement toward equality of property rights.
    c. the increasing separation of church and state.
    d. full equality and voting rights for women.

2. A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was

    a. the election of legislative representatives capable of voting on
        taxation.
    b. the shifting of power from the legislative to the executive branch of
        government.
    c. the idea of a written constitution drafted by a convention and
        ratified by direct vote of the people.
    d. the regulation of land sales by the courts.

3. Despite the Revolution's emphasis on human rights and equality, the
    Founding Fathers failed to abolish slavery because

    a. they saw it as necessary to maintain American power.
    b. they feared black rebellion if slavery were removed.
    c. of their political fear that a fight over slavery would destroy
        fragile national unity.
    d. none of them believed that slavery was wrong.

4. The ideal of "republican motherhood" that emerged from the American
    Revolution held that

    a. women should be rewarded politically for having helped establish the
        American republic.
    b. women had a special responsibility to cultivate the "civic virtues"
        of republicanism in their children.
    c. the government should establish social services to help mothers raise
        their children.
    d. mothers should be granted full political and economic rights in
        the American republic.

5. In the new state constitutions written after the Revolution, the most
powerful branch of government was

a. the legislative branch. c. the judicial branch.
b. the executive branch. d. the military branch.

6. One way that American independence actually harmed the nation's economic
fortunes was by

a. ending all British trade and investment in America.
b. abolishing the stable currency system that had existed under the
empire.
c. cutting off American trade with the British empire.
d. weakening the manufacturing efforts begun under the British.

7. Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America
were seriously hindered by

a. the lack of strong leadership available in the new nation.
b. the revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion
of all governmental authority.
c. the hostility of the clergy toward the idea of separation of church
and state.
d. the fear that a strong government would suppress economic
development.

8. The primary political obstacle to the formation of the first American
government under the Articles of Confederation was

a. disputes among the jealous states over control of western lands.
b. disagreement over the relative power of Congress and the executive
branch.
c. conflict over the right of Congress to regulate trade and
manufacturing.
d. conflict over slavery between northern and southern states.

9. The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of
Confederation was that

a. it was unable to deal with the issue of western lands.
b. it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the
sovereign states.
c. it had no power to establish relations with foreign governments.
d. the legislative branch was unable to cope with the powerful executive
branch.

10. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that

a. the states should retain permanent control of their western lands.
b. money from the sale of western lands should be used to promote
manufacturing.
c. after sufficient population growth, western territories could be
organized and then join the union as states.
d. the settlers in the northwest could vote on whether or not they
should have slavery.

11. Shays' Rebellion contributed to the movement for a new constitution by

a. demonstrating the desire of western farmers for a strong government
to assist them.
b. raising the fear of anarchy and disorder among wealthy conservatives.
c. raising the prospect of British or French interference in American
domestic affairs.
d. demonstrating that the Northwest Ordinance had failed to resolve
western land issues.

12. Besides George Washington, the most influential figures in the
Constitutional Convention included

a. Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Shays, and John Hancock.
b. Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Paine.
c. John Adams, Abigail Adams, and Gouverneur Morris.
d. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton.

13. The "Great Compromise" in the Constitutional Convention provided that

a. the House of Representatives would be elected by the people and the
Senate by the state legislatures.
b. the large states would be taxed on the basis of population and the
small states on the basis of territory.
c. there would be separation of powers between the executive and
legislative branches of government.
d. there would be representation by population in the House of
Representatives but equal representation of all states in the Senate.

14. Antifederalists generally found their greatest support among

a. small states like Delaware and New Jersey.
b. the commercial areas of the eastern seaboard.
c. the poorer debtors and farmers.
d. the wealthy and well educated.

15. The crucial federalist successes in the fight for ratification occurred
in the states of

a. Georgia, Maryland, and Delaware.
b. Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York.
c. Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.
d. Connecticut, South Carolina, and New Hampshire.
 

Identification

1. New name for the, Anglican church after it was disestablished and de-
Anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere ________________________

2. The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate
"civic virtue" in their children _________________________________________

3. A type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts, for
drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law
________________________________

4. The first constitutional government of the United States _________________

5. The territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi governed by
the acts of 1785 and 1787 ________________________________

6. One-square-mile areas, thirty-six of which composed a township, with one
area set aside for the support of schools ________________________________

7. The status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it
established an organized government but before it became a state _________

8. A failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of
"mobocracy" ____________________________

9. The plan proposed by Virginia at the Constitutional Convention for a
bicameral legislature with representation based on population ____________

10. The plan proposed by New Jersey for a unicameral legislature with equal
representation of states regardless of size and population ______________

11. The compromise between North and South that resulted in each slave being
counted as 60 percent of a free person for purposes of representation
___________________________

12. The opponents of the Constitution who argued against creating such a
strong central government ________________________

13. A masterly series of pro-Constitution articles printed in New York by
Jay, Madison, and Hamilton _____________________________

14. The official under the new Constitution who would be commander in chief
of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officials, and have the
power to veto legislation ____________________

15. A list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the Constitution
in order to win ratification ________________________
 

Matching People, Places, and Events

1. _____ Society of the Cincinnati a. Group that failed to block the central
government they feared but did force
2. _____ Virginia Statute for the promise of a bill of rights
Religious Freedom b. Father of the Constitution and author
3. _____ Articles of Confederation of Federalist No. 10
c. An exclusive order of military
4. _____ Northwest Ordinance officers that aroused strong
of 1787 democratic opposition
5. _____ Dey of Algiers d. Wealthy conservatives devoted to
republicanism who engineered a
6. _____ Daniel Shays nonviolent political transformation
e. Legislation passed by an alliance of
7. _____ George Washington Jefferson and the Baptists that
disestablished the Anglican church
8. _____ James Madison f. War veteran who led poor farmers in a
revolt that failed but had far-
9. _____ Federalists reaching consequences
g. North African leader who took
10. ____ Antifederalists advantage of the weakness of the
Articles of Confederation to attack
11. ____ Patrick Henry American shipping
h. The only state to allow a direct vote
12. ____ Alexander Hamilton on the Constitution
i. Frustrated foreign affairs secretary
13. ____ John Jay under the Articles; one of the three
authors of The Federalist
14. ____ Massachusetts j. Legislation that provided for the
orderly transformation of western
15. ____ New York territories into states
k. First of key states where federalists
won by a narrow margin over the
opposition of antifederalist Sam Adams
l. Virginia antifederalist leader who thought the Constitution spelled the
end of liberty and equality
m. Unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of "demi-gods"
n. Young New Yorker who argued eloquently for the Constitution even though he
favored an even stronger central government
o. Document of 1781 that was put out of business by the Constitution

Matching Cause and Effect

Cause Effect

1. _____ The American Revolution a. Forced acceptance of the "Three-
Fifths Compromise," counting each
2. _____ Agreement among states to slave as three-fifths of a person
give up western land claims for purposes of representation
3. _____ The weakness of the Articles b. Made federalists promise to add
of Confederation a bill of rights to the
4. _____ Shays' Rebellion Constitution
c. Nearly bankrupted the national
5. _____ The conflict in the government and invited assaults
Constitutional Convention on American interests by foreign
between large and small states powers
6. _____ The North-South conflict in d. Laid the basis for the Virginia
the Constitutional Convention Statute for Religious Freedom
over counting slaves for e. Brought about somewhat greater
representation social and economic equality and
7. _____ A meeting in Annapolis to the virtual end of slavery in the
discuss revising the Articles North
of Confederation f. Finally brought New York to
8. _____ Antifederalist fears that the ratify the Constitution by a
Constitution would destroy narrow margin
liberties g. Issued a call to Congress for a
9. _____ The Federalist and fears that special convention to revise the
New York would be left out of Articles of Confederation
the Union h. Forced the adoption of the "Great
10. ____ The disestablishment of the Compromise," which required a
Anglican church bicameral legislature with two
different bases of representation
i. Scared conservatives and made
them determined to strengthen the
central government against
debtors
j. Made possible the approval of the
Articles of Confederation and the
passage of two important laws
governing western lands
 

Map Mastery: Using the maps and charts in Chapter 9, answer the questions.

1. Which two of the thirteen states had the largest western land claims?
___________________________________________

2. Which states had claims in the area that became the Old Northwest
Territory? _______________________________________________________________

3. In which four states was there little or no opposition to the
Constitution? ____________________________________________________________

4. In which five states was the Constitution ratified by very slender
margins? _________________________________________________________________